PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.